The design of farrowing house should take both mother and piglets into consideration. Because of the rapid and drastic changes in reproductive organs and physiological state of the sows during the delivery process, the resistance of the body is reduced, so the sows have higher requirements for the environment and production equipment conditions in the house after delivery. The appropriate temperature for the sow in the farrowing house is about 20 ℃, the house temperature can not have a big change, when the house temperature is high close to 30 ℃, the sow will appear obvious heat stress reaction, such as asthma, anorexia, lactation function decline, etc.; when the house temperature is low, in addition to unfavorable to the recovery of the sow’s postpartum physiological functions, but also seriously affects the piglet’s development and survival, because the development of the body heat regulation of the newborn piglets is incomplete, especially afraid of the cold. Therefore, the building of farrowing house should have good performance of heat insulation, heat preservation, heatproof and ventilation, and must set up necessary production equipment.
1、building construction: maternity style can choose to have windows closed building, set up before and after the window, for the house lighting, heating and natural ventilation, the size of the window varies according to the local climate, cold areas should be large before and after the small. Cold areas should also reduce the net height of the premises, plus ceiling, the use of thicker walls or hollow walls, to increase the thermal insulation effect of the premises. In addition, according to the situation, the maternity ward can add some heating, cooling and ventilation equipment and devices. Production room heating can be used heater, heater and ordinary stove and so on, of which the heater can be heating, but also positive pressure ventilation, in order to facilitate the ventilation of the production room, but the use of high cost, so for many small-scale farmers, the choice of stove heating is more economical and practical. In the summer is very hot areas, the maternity ward can be used in the barn fogging water spraying device combined with the fan for the house to prevent summer cooling. Because of the maternity ward on the house of small environmental climate requirements are very high, so the conditions of the pig farm can choose domestic production of poultry house special central air conditioning equipment.
The current domestic livestock and poultry house with air conditioning by the high-efficiency multi-return pressureless boiler, pump, hot and cold temperature exchanger, air conditioning chassis, air supply piping and automatic control box composed of six major components. It fundamentally solves the heating, hot air furnace heating drawbacks. The air conditioner for livestock and poultry house adopts the hot water from energy efficient multi-return pressureless boiler as the heat medium, after the air is preheated through the air conditioner main unit, it is filtered through the air conditioner multi-stage filter, and is ventilated by the fan under positive pressure, and the filtered hot air is sent into the livestock and poultry house. Because of the positive pressure ventilation, so can give the house supplement 30%, 100% (size adjustable) fresh air, and the air sent into the filtered, reducing the dust, reducing the house air turbidity. In summer, the equipment input groundwater as a cold source can also be cooled, greatly saving the investment in equipment, to achieve the purpose of a multi-purpose machine, the service life of the equipment more than 10 years.
2、Production equipment: The farrowing house should set up special high-bed farrowing pens for sows and nursing piglets. The farrowing pens are divided into sow limit area and piglet activity area. Sow limit area in the middle part of the farrowing pen, is the sow delivery, life and nursing piglets, limit area of the front of the front door, sow feed troughs and drinking water for sows off the bed and diet, the rear has a back door for sows to go to bed, artificial labor and feces, etc.; limit frame is usually made of steel pipe, generally 2.0 ~ 2.1 m long, 0.6 ~ 0.65 m wide, 0.90 ~ 1.00 m high, this narrow area is very small, but it is not very big, so it is not very big. 1.00 meters, this narrow space structure can limit the activities of the sow, and make the sow can not be quickly “put off” down, but slowly to the abdomen on the ground, stretching out the limbs and then lie down, which gives the small piglets left to escape the opportunity to step on the pressure of the sows, can effectively prevent the piglets were crushed to death. The activity area of piglets is located on both sides of the limit area of sows, equipped with piglet feeding troughs, waterers and heat preservation compartments, which are equipped with heating and heat preservation devices. The bottom of the high-bed farrowing pen can be made of steel woven fecal floor net, and the floor net should be erected at a certain height from the ground, so that the sows and piglets can be detached from the damp and cold of the ground and the pollution of feces and urine, which is conducive to the health of mothers and children, and the weaning survival rate of the piglets can be improved significantly.
The farrowing pens in the house can be single-row or double-row, and the number of farrowing pens is determined according to the scale of the breeding sows and the breeding rhythm, if the lactation period is 35 days and the breeding production is balanced throughout the year, every 20 breeding sows should be set up more than 5 farrowing pens. A wide enough aisle should be left before and after each farrowing pen for sows to get on and off the farrowing pens, labor and delivery, and to walk the material carts.
